Notes And Study Material Of Tourism And Traveling For BG 5th Semester Students - Read Here All Important Questions

 Notes And Study Material Of Tourism And Traveling For BG 5th Semester Students - Read Here All Important Questions

Notes And Study Material Of Tourism And Traveling For BG 5th Semester Students - Read Here All Important Questions 

Q1:- What Is Community Tourism ?

Ans: -Community Based Tourism is a form of sustainable tourism that allows visitors to connect closely with the communities they visit. This emerging form of travel gives tourists authentic experiences, while allowing revenue generated by tourism to remain in the often rural, poor, or economically marginalized community. These communities run these tourism enterprises that provide services such as village tours, nature walks, performances, and meals on their own initiatives.

Community ecotourism is a particular facet of community-based tourism, where at least some of the experiences are natural resourced-based. Community ecotourism benefits both environmental conservation and local communities, the former generating financing for the management of the natural resource area. Community tourism not only encourages cross-cultural understanding between host and visitor but also embraces the bottom line of environmental protection, cultural conservation,social responsibility, economic health, and the enhancement of livelihoods. Because communities are the owners of these tourism enterprises, they have the incentive to establish standards for international tourists and invest in a quality tourism product.

As such, Community Tourism has been promoted as a means of development where the social, economic, and environmental needs of local communities are met through the offering of a tourism product.

Benefits of Community Based Tourism:

1.  Brings recognition and attention to the community 
2.  Adds value to a community‘s economy  
3. Diversifies economic activity in a community 
4. Provides an alternative to unsustainable forms of income such as coaching or logging, thus helping safeguard the livelihoods and well-being of both locals and indigenous peoples 
5. Natural resource-based conservation, where the main product is Wildlife or natural-resource related 
6. Cultural conservation 
7. Tourism income is more likely to remain in the community 
8. Encourages community pride and protection of community resources 
9. Involves and encourages the participation of women The tourist: 
10.  Receives an authentic experience and learns first-hand about the community from a local guide 
11.  Has an opportunity to create a deeper connection to the destination 
12.  Knows exactly where the money will go and can feel good about it 
13.  In the case of ecotourism, achieves a win-win benefits for supporting natural heritage conservation 
14.  Gets a unique look at a particular destination 
15.  Receives personal tour, individualized service, and attention

Q2:- Indigenous People?

Ans:- Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently. Groups are usually described as indigenous when they maintain traditions or other aspects of an early culture that is associated with a given region. Not all indigenous peoples share this characteristic, usually having adopted substantial elements of a colonising culture, such as dress, religion or language.

Indigenous peoples may be settled in a given region (sedentary) or exhibit a nomadic lifestyle across a large territory, but they are generally historically associated with a specific territory on which they depend. Indigenous societies are found in every inhabited climate zone and continent of the world. 

Since indigenous peoples are often faced with threats to their sovereignty, economic well-being and their access to the

resources on which their cultures depend, political rights have been set forth in international law by international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank.

[1] The United Nations has issued a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples(UNDRIP) to guide member-state national policies to the collective rights of indigenous people, such as culture, identity, language and access to employment, health,education and natural resources. Estimates put the total population of indigenous peoples from 220 million to 350 million.

Q3:- What Is Local Communities?

Ans: - A local community is a group of interacting people sharing an environment. In human communities, intent, belief, resources,preferences, needs, risks, and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness.

A community has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. The word is often used to refer to a group that is organized around common values and is attributed with social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household. The word can also refer to the national community or global community.

The word "community" is derived from the Old French community which is derived from the Latin communities(cum, "with/together" + munus, "gift"), a broad term for fellowship or organized society.

 A sense of community refers to people's perception of interconnection and interdependence,shared responsibility, and common goals.Understanding a community entails having knowledge of community needs and resources, having respect for community members, and involving key community members in programs

Benefits Of Local Community

The author Robert Putnam refers to the value which comes from social networks as social capital in his book Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. He writes that social capital "makes an enormous difference in our lives", that "a society characterized by generalized reciprocity is more efficient that a distrustful society" and that economic sociologists have shown a minimized economic wealth if social capital is lacking. 

Putnam reports that the first use of the social capital theory was by L. J. Hanifan, a practical reformer during the Progressive Era in the United States of America. The following description of social capital is a quote from L.J. Hanifan in Putnam's Book:

Those tangible substances [that] count for most in the daily lives of people: namely good will, fellowship, sympathy, and social intercourse among individuals and families who make up a social unit…. The individual is helpless socially, if left to himself…. If he comes into contact with neighbor, and they with other neighbors,there will be an accumulation of social capital, which may immediately satisfy his social needs and which may bear a social potentiality sufficient to the substantial improvement of living conditions in the whole community. The community as a whole will benefit by the cooperation of all its parts, while the individual will find in his associations the advantages of the help, sympathy, and fellowship of his neighbors.

Employment

Putnam reported that many studies have shown that the highest predictor of job satisfaction is the presence of social connection in the workplace. He writes that "people with friends at work are happier at work." And that "social networks provide people with advice, a bonus, a promotion, and other strategic information, and letters of recommendation.

Community engagement has been proven to counteract the most negative attributes of poverty and a high amount of social capital has been shown to reduce crime.

Local Community And Health 

"Social connectedness matters to our lives in the most profound way." -Robert Putnam.[

Robert Putnam reports, in the chapter Health and Happiness from his book Bowling Alone, that recent public research shows social connection impacts all areas of human health, this includes psychological and physical aspects of human health. Putnam says"...beyond a doubt that social connectedness is one of the most powerful determinates of our well being. In particular it is face toTechno Kashmir face connections which have been show to have greater impacts then non-face to face relationships. 

Specific health benefits of strong social relationships are a decrease in the likelihood of: seasonal viruses, heart attacks, strokes, cancer,depression, and premature death of all sorts.

Community Sustainability 

Sustainability in community programs is the capacity of programs (services designed to meet the needs of community members) to continuously respond to community issues. 

A sustained program maintains a focus consonant with its original goals and objectives, including the individuals, families, and communities it was originally intended to serve. Programs change regarding the breadth and depth of their programming. Someone come aligned with other organizations and established institutions, whereas others maintain their independence. 

Understanding the community context in which programs serving the community function has an important influence on program sustainability and success.

Q:- What Is Indigenous Tourism?

Ans :- Internationally, the term ‗indigenous‘ is used most broadly to refer to the first peoples of a given region but regional terms vary.Complicating this is that some of these other terms are considered,in some contexts or settings, to be either appropriate or in appropriate (in fact sometimes racist) to use. 

In Canada, we most commonly use the term Aboriginal peoples (note capitalization) to refer to the recognized three groups of indigenous peoples of Canada: First Nations, Metis and Inuk (or Inuit). The term ‗Indian‘, while still a term found in the literature and in the architecture of Canadian government structures and bodies (E.g., the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs – the Indian Act) is viewed as less appropriate, and at times racist, by many – but it may also be the term of choice, or self-labeling by others.

In Canada, the term native is seen by some as disrespectful – but is also viewed as quite appropriate in other contexts. In the US for example the term Native American is considered quite appropriate. In Canada the term, 'nation' (at least for First Nations people) is used most often to refer to the specific organized cultural governance group (e.g., the Tl'azt'en First Nation). Tribe or tribal group is less commonly used although in some cases refers to a broader governance organization or alliance of several nations together.

In the US, the terms American Indian or Native American are considered appropriate and common. Organizationally, tribe or tribal group tend to be used relatively commonly within the U.S.

Above All- Speak With Respect

The reality is that while terminology and identity is important –intent is even more so. It is always best to ask what is appropriate in a given context and culture. If you are referring to someone from a specific nation – (e.g., Tl‘azt‘en) then use the appropriate terminology for that context.

Defining Indigenous Tourism

Indigenous Tourism can be defined as a tourism activity in which Indigenous people are directly involved either through control and/or by having their culture serve as the essence of the attraction Aboriginal (cultural) tourism describes all tourism businesses that are owned or operated by First Nations people, Métis, and Inuitpeople that incorporates an Aboriginal cultural experience in a manner that is appropriate, respectful, and true to the Aboriginal culture being presented (ATC, 2000). A tourist visiting an aboriginal cultural tourism site may experience cultural tourism by looking at a fish wheel and learning about the and modern day significance of salmon to the local people. Interpretation is an

 Important Aspect Of Providing The Visitor With A Board understanding of the local culture.

Some examples include: 

 • Restaurants that serve indigenous food 

 • Hotels, wineries and resorts owned by indigenous people 

 • Museums or interpretive centers • Aboriginal eco-tourism businesses such as 

 − Whale watching & nature tours 

 − Northern lights viewing 

 − Dog sledding trips and trail riding 

 − Fishing and hunting expeditions

Why Study Indigenous Tourism?

As an important sector of the tourism industry and as a potential key element in community economic development, indigenous tourism is worth studying. Thus this is a subject worth consideration by both Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. 

The ability to analyze, critique, conceptualize and plan for key cultural and indigenous tourism experiences are critical skills for students. However, the roles that we play in indigenous tourism vary, however with who we are and who we represent.

Determining whether to engage in tourism, what to share with tourists, and who and how that is done is a decision that must be made by indigenous people directly.

As you explore the topic of indigenous tourism, ask yourself the following questions:

• What perspective do I bring to this discussion?

 • What is the appropriate role that I play here?

 For non-indigenous participants it‘s equally important to be informed about, and knowledgeable about, indigenous tourism. 

While by no means the largest, this is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism economy – and the reality is that many of us work with tourists who are looking for authentic indigenous tourism experiences and we may be working with indigenous peoples to connect tourists to them, to help provide planning,training or marketing help in designing and delivering tourism products or just to be respectful and appropriate tourists ourselves. Additionally, many of the special issues or Challenger that face indigenous people in the tourism sector are shared in large part by communities – particularly those who are remote,rural and/or marginalized in some way.

Q:- Colonization & Indigenous People

 Ans:- The Indigenous tourism focus of the 16 papers in this special issue provides readers with an opportunity to explore the dynamics behind an array of issues pertaining to sustainable Indigenous tourism. These papers not only provide a long overdue balance to the far too common, negatively biased media reports about Indigenous peoples and their communities but also highlight the capacity of tourism as an effective tool for realizing sustainable Indigenous development.

Throughout the papers reviewed in detail here, readers are reminded of the positive (capacity building) and negative (co modification) realities of Indigenous tourism development. Concomitantly, readers are privy to the practical and theoretical contributions pertaining to the management of cultural values and Indigenous businesses and the social and economic empowerment of Indigenous groups.

The main contribution of this special issue issue, however, is a call for increasing research by, or in collaboration with, Indigenous researchers so that Indigenous authors and editors of academic journals become the norm in academia. Ultimately, Indigenous scholars and tourism providers should be the major contributors to, and commentators about,mainstream and niche approaches to Indigenous tourism management, whilst communities gain visibility not just as the visited ―Other‖, but as global leaders within tourism and related sector.

Q:- Anglo-Saxon Countries ?

 Ans:- The Anglo-Saxon model or Anglo-Saxon capitalism (so-called because it is practiced in English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, NewZealand, Australia and Ireland is a capitalist model that emerged in the 1970s, based on the Chicago school of economics. However, its origins date to the 18th century in the United Kingdom under the ideas of the classical economist Adam Smith.

Characteristics of this model include low levels of regulation and taxes, and the public sector providing services. It can also mean strong private property rights,contract enforcement, and overall ease of doing business as well as low barriers to free trade.